Page 188 - Freshwater-Biology-and-Ecology-Handbook

CHAPTER 4 2 Investigative monitoring only needs to address the Descriptions and explanations of a wide range of methods
for biological surveys of rivers are included in John
environmental pressures suspected of causing the
(56)
Hellawell’s 1978 book Biological Surveillance of Rivers.

water body to fail to achieve its environmental quality
The book reviews and explains (often with worked
objectives.
examples) the sampling and data analysis methods
developed and used up to that date and it is still strongly
Investigations usually require different methods to those
used for status classification. Sometimes the same
sampling and laboratory analysis is used but with a different
In addition, more recent books describe a wide range of
type of data analysis; often a different design is needed. recommended.
methods useful for investigations to improve scientific
If it is only necessary to identify the source of pollution, understanding. For example, Hauer & Lamberti (2017)
a one-off survey using rapid appraisal methods may be Methods in Stream Ecology, in two volumes. (57)
sufficient. If the causes of poor ecological status are not
understood, a more detailed survey and wider research
may be needed.

Hauer, R & G.A. Lamberti (2017)
Methods in Stream Ecology, 3 edn.
rd
Volume 1: Ecosystem Structure
Volume 2: Ecosystem Function
Figure 4.3
Front cover of John Hellawell’s book Biological Surveillance of Rivers (56)
On left, the two volumes by Hauer and Lambretti, Methods in Stream Ecology (57)

188 | Freshwater Biology and Ecology Handbook
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